Nurses and global health responsibility: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine.

AIM: The aim of this paper was to reflect on global ethical challenges for nurses in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine and to discuss 'Nurses and Global Health', a new element in the revised ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2021, and its implications for nurses. BACKGROUND: The authors participated in the latest revision of the Code. When we were revising the ICN Code of Ethics, there was neither an ongoing pandemic nor a war in Europe. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: Relevant scientific articles and other academic literature, documents from international organisations, and authors' views. DISCUSSION: The discussion emanated from our reflections on how to actually apply the ICN Code of Ethics, i.e., moving the words from the document itself into everyday practice, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. In the Code, the nurse's responsibility is highlighted, but there is little or no instruction on how to undertake it. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSES: The ICN Code of Ethics needs to be operationalised through ethical reflection and discussion in all contexts where nurses work, from policy level to the care environment.

Continuing Nursing Research During a Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic disrupted traditional research practices with the cessation of face-to-face contact with study participants. Researchers needed to respond with alternative methods to continue nurse-led clinical research. A rapid pivot to remote processes for recruitment, enrollment, data collection, and participant incentives can enable research to continue despite restrictions on in-person activities. Technology offers innovative methods in meeting current research needs but is not without challenges and continued need for ethics evaluation.

TikTok's `Dancing Nurses' During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Content Analysis

Background: Amid the challenges of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are using social media to publish increasing numbers of posts, memes, and videos. On TikTok, a rapidly growing and widely used social networking platform, videos labeled "dancing nurses" have recently been trending. Whether nurses or the general public consider such videos to breach professional ethical standards is unknown. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the use of the social media platform TikTok by nurses whose videos featured dancing nurses during the ongoing pandemic. Methods: Between March 1 and December 31, 2020, we conducted a search on TikTok using terms such as dancing nurse and hashtags such as"#dancingnurse." For each identified video, the numbers of followers, views, likes, concurrent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates, and other data were collected. For videos meeting the inclusion criteria, content analysis was performed to evaluate dancing nurse behaviors and apply the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, ANA social networking principles, and National Council of State Boards of Nursing social media guidelines. Results: A total of 52 videos met all inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. These videos had a mean of 1.51 million views each. Among these videos, there were 356 violations of Code of Ethics provisions, social networking principles, and social media guidelines. Forty of the videos (77%) included a choreographed dance;24 (46%) contained twerking and three (6%) featured dance moves such as pelvic thrusts and gyrations. Conclusion: The findings offer insight into how nurses are using TikTok, specifically with regard to posting videos that feature dancing nurses. Some of the analyzed videos included content that could be construed, in our view, as inappropriate and even sexually suggestive. The concern is that such videos could damage the professional image of nurses and downplay the seriousness of the current pandemic. It's essential that nurses who use social media consider the content and presentation of what they post. There is an urgent need for nurses to understand professional and workplace guidelines and policies regarding the use of social media, and how these may apply to content developed and posted on platforms such as TikTok.

The effectiveness of online team-based learning in introduction to medical ethics education for medical students at a medical college of Nepal: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of online classes is always a concern, and it can be overcome by opting for active learning strategies like team-based learning (TBL). This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of online TBL as an active learning strategy. We also aimed to explore the satisfaction and perception of students toward TBL. METHODS: This is a mixed-method study conducted among 29 third-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students of Gandaki Medical College using purposive sampling method in the duration of January to September 2021. Three two hours online TBL sessions were used for teaching introduction to medical ethics. The individual readiness assurance test (IRAT) scores were compared to the group readiness assurance test (GRAT) scores to evaluate the effect of TBL through cooperative learning. Learner reactions and satisfaction of students towards TBL were assessed using a validated questionnaire comprising of a five-point Likert scale. An open-ended question asking the participants to describe their overall experience of the TBL sessions was also included to explore their perceptions towards TBL. The data were collected using Google form and exported to Microsoft Excel and the quantitative data were then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. To check the normal distribution of the data, Kolmogorov Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test were used. Non-parametric tests were used for the non-normally distributed data. P value of < 0.05 was regarded as significant. Thematic analysis was conducted for the qualitative data. RESULTS: The median GRAT scores were significantly higher (p = 0.006 in TBL 1 and 0.001 in TBL 2) than IRAT scores. Learner reactions toward TBL sessions were positive as shown by the mean scores which were in the range of 3.59 to 4.66. Five themes were generated from the codes: "effective learning method", "positive experience", "gained knowledge", "expression of gratitude" and "the way of conduction of the sessions". CONCLUSION: Online TBL in medical ethics was effective as a teaching learning tool in our setting. The students were satisfied with the learning process and rated the learning strategy positively.

Ethical dilemmas in online psychotherapy - a review of selected ethical codes and recommendations of psychotherapeutic and psychological associations

Until recently, only some psychotherapists have used a remote form of contact with their patients. The COV-ID-19 pandemic Has changed this situation, as the experience of life and health threats has resulted in many therapists choosing to work remotely with patients. Working online for psychotherapists poses new challenges and ethical questions. Many practitioners, when looking for answers to bothering questions arising from the clinical practice of working with patients remotely, look for answers in Professional codes of ethics or in the guidelines of therapeutic associations. This article is a review of 52 codes of ethics from different countries on five continents in terms of looking for norms and principles that provide an ethical framework for online psychotherapeutic work. Additionally, the guidelines and recommendations of selected Professional psychotherapeutic associations were analyzed. These societies, in additional Communications or statements, also introduce temporary ethical criteria, guidelines and good ethical practices that remotely working therapists should take into account in their work. Copyright © 2022 Polish Psychiatric Association. All rights reserved.

Faculty Responsibility for Student Safety, Health, and Welfare?

Many engineering codes of ethics state that engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. As engineering educators should we extend this responsibility to our students? And if so, how? Each of these three elements are distinct in some ways. Faculty are responsible for student safety in experimental laboratory and hands-on design/build settings, for example. Unique safety concerns may arise during study abroad and community engagement activities. During the COVID pandemic faculty may have experienced dilemmas regarding student health (and the health of the surrounding community) as campus administrators made decisions about in-person versus online instruction. Universities and faculty are also increasingly attending to student mental health. Finally, it is argued that considerations of welfare are the most challenging. Faculty perhaps think of student welfare long-term, as they help students build knowledge and skills that may yield post-graduation benefits in terms of employment. But does this long-term perspective cause us to undervalue in-the-moment student welfare? Our policies and practices may cause stress, and stress has been shown to inhibit learning. But other research and theories of learning indicate a positive role of dissonance and stress to the learning process. Thus, overemphasis on short-term avoidance of discomfort in the pursuit of student welfare may impede learning. Exploring these ideas is congruent with faculty who see their role as teaching people (their students) versus teaching subjects/topics/content. Examining our teaching practices through this lens of our foundational ethical obligation as engineers may cause us to change our approaches. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022

Cooperative Arbitration in Euskadi. Proposals for improvement to provide the SVAC-BITARTU with a greater guarantee

In the current Social and Economic situation generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, we have to highlight the primary role that Cooperative Societies have adopted in our Society. However, they are not alien to the con-flicts that usually arise between them and their partners and vice versa. There-fore, in the event that the matters of the conflicts are freely available between the parties, they could be solved by extrajudicial means, which have gained a special role in our society. In this way, this author considers it opportune to make a series of improvement proposals regarding the Arbitration Procedure of the Higher Council of Cooperatives of Euskadi (SVAC-BITARTU) to provide it with even greater guarantees than it currently has.

Staying true to our core social work values during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on the lives of individuals, families, and communities around the world. While we have survived numerous crises over centuries, this event called into question a desire for answers like never before. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged professionals from all disciplines to act. While epidemiologists researched and physicians treated, the philosophers and existentialists began to ponder mortality and search for answers. There were those who pontificated about politics and oppression. All the while hospital beds were filled to capacity, and cities around the world stood still;social workers were among a group of essential workers who also had to grapple with many challenges;some even called into question our profession's code of ethics. For many social workers, it was the first time having to confront issues related to social justice and their personal values and consider ethical issues from providing services through digital technology and a test of their competence during this tumultuous time. As social workers, this is part of our calling, our mission to serve, and our responsibility to be where our clients are at, both emotionally and physically. Yet, what about the risks? What about the fears? Could we still instill a sense of hope in the face of despair? This chapter examines our profession's six core values and their applicability at a nonprofit human service organization delivering mental health and supportive services throughout New York City during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and why it's needed now more than ever. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Social work in difficult times: emerging value frame in India

The contemporary global milieu is ridden with multiple tensions and conflicts and India is no exception. India is witness to a number of challenges in its social, political and economic domains. While the tumultuous man–nature relationship has life-threatening ramifications, the social, economic and political contexts are also rife with diverse challenges characteristic of a globalised world order. The situation has been compounded by the daunting COVID pandemic, which has demonstrated the interconnectedness of global challenges and has wrought an unprecedented impact on the wellbeing of people. The social work profession in India must play a meaningful role in diffusing the crisis by promulgating values that extend and consolidate human solidarities and human environment symbiosis. Located within the context of India, and based on a reflective lifeworld approach, this article reflects on the nature and role of social work values in capacitating social workers to play a more resolute role in resolving present day predicaments. It articulates the need to look beyond generic values, glean a more context-specific value frame and herald the process of transferring these values to students through suitable means. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Social Work Education is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

A Proposed Ethics Code for Online Learning During Crisis

The COVID-19 crisis affected the world globally in 2020 and caused school clo-sure around the world, which promptly embraced online learning and raised ethi-cal awareness for teachers and students. Online learning that is based on continu-ously gaining relevance in educational institutions, is challenged by lack of doc-umented ethics that maintain rights and encourage applying online learning. Un-fortunately, online learning ethics are still obscure at this moment. This study aims to propose online code of ethics for Palestinian schools. Applying the mixed methods approach: A focus group with teachers and a questionnaire that was built to explore the teachers' degree of agreement on the proposed online learning ethics. The code was finally being evaluated by online learning experts who have extensive expertise in the field. Results revealed principles of online learning eth-ics that were highly accepted by school teachers. The researchers recommended conducting future research on the impact of this code on learning and teaching.

Initial drafting of telemedicine's code of ethics through a stakeholders' participatory process.

Telemedicine can improve access to healthcare services; however, it has raised ethical concerns demanding special considerations. This study aimed at developing the codes of ethics for telemedicine, and hence several approved national and international ethical guidelines related to telemedicine practice were reviewed, and 48 semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical ethics and medical informatics experts as well as with physicians and patients who had telemedicine experiences. Content analysis was then performed on the interviews' transcripts and a draft on code of ethics was prepared, which was further reviewed by the experts in the focus group meetings to reach a consensus on the final document. The final document consisted of a preface, five considerations, and 25 ethical statements. Considering the growing trend of adopting telemedicine worldwide, this document provides an ethical framework for those who use telemedicine in their medical practice.

Analysis of COVID-19 news coverage by Televisión Española (TVE1)

This article analyzes the news coverage of the COVID-19 health crisis by Televisión Española (TVE1), to determine if this media reported the news with rigor and in accordance with journalism professional codes and best practice guidelines. For this purpose, content analysis was conducted on the universe of news stories (n=1,449) in the TVE1 daily newscast, starting with the first outbreak of the pandemic on the Iberian Peninsula on February 26, 2020, until the end of the first state of emergency on June 21, 2020. Our categories of analysis were: information sources, news frames, predominant topics, resources used for dramatic effects, and breaches of journalism ethics in reporting news. In general, TVE1 did not engage in sensationalized or dramatized news coverage, but instead attempted to transmit a message that was educational and instructional. Its policy was to provide information on measures adopted by authorities to help prevent the spread of the pandemic. Nevertheless, TVE's benevolent attitude towards the government and its policies can be observed in its news reporting, revealing a lack of impartiality and editorial independence by this media. Despite the importance of specialized and expert information in times of a pandemic, eyewitness sources were those most used in reporting news, even in economic news framing. Furthermore, these latter sources were employed instead of expert ones, which were in fact the least used, and whose presence progressively declined during the analyzed period. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Se analiza el tratamiento informativo que llevó a cabo Televisión Española (TVE1) sobre la crisis sanitaria de la COVID-19, a fin de constatar si informó con rigurosidad y con apego a las normas deontológicas de la profesión periodística en correspondencia con las directrices de su manual de estilo. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido del universo de noticias emitidas (n=1.449) por el telediario de TVE1 a partir del primer brote epidémico detectado en la península ibérica (26/02/2020), hasta la finalización del primer estado de alarma (21/06/2020). Como categorías de análisis se contemplaron las fuentes informativas, los encuadres noticiosos y las temáticas predominantes, la presencia de recursos que tuvieran una función preferentemente espectacularizadora y las vulneraciones de carácter deontológico presentes en las noticias. Como rasgo general, TVE1 no realizó una cobertura abocada al sensacionalismo o a la dramatización, sino que pretendió transmitir un mensaje formativo. Su política fue aportar con información sobre medidas adoptadas por la autoridad, a fin de contribuir a evitar la expansión de la pandemia. No obstante, destaca en su tratamiento informativo la benevolencia hacia el gobierno y sus políticas, lo que evidenció una falta de imparcialidad e independencia editorial del medio. Pese a la importancia de la información especializada en tiempos de pandemia, las fuentes testimoniales fueron las más utilizadas en los relatos informativos -inclusive en el encuadre noticioso económico-, por encima de las fuentes expertas que ocuparon las últimas posiciones y cuyo uso fue disminuyendo a lo largo del periodo analizado. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

New trends in codes of ethics: Czech business ethics preferences by the dawn of COVID-19

Research background: The morality and sustainability depend upon the active engagement of all stakeholders. Businesses might have to observe minimum standards via their corporate social responsibility (CSR), but this does not imply any mandatory and enforceable requirements for their internal documents. Crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic magnify differences and might impact the perception and commitment to ethics and modify preferences. Purpose of the article: Since it is up to each and every business whether it will issue Codes of Ethics or Codes of Conduct (Codes) and how they will project ethical principles, values and concerns in them, it is both illuminative and instrumental to conduct a massive theoretical and literature, review, to identify five aspects for exploration of Codes: (i) human nature (ii) moral values (iii) ethical principles, (iv) reasoning and (v) sustainability pillars, and to perform such an exploration via a case study at the dawn of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Based on a massive theoretical and literature review. five aspect for exploration have been identified and employed in a case study involving twenty Codes of the largest Czech businesses, while focusing on their preferences. This is to be achieved by a holistic advanced content analysis employing meta-analysis and manual Delphi method with Liken scoring by a panel of experts. Findings & Value added: The case study reveals that generally Codes prefer (i) Socrates perception of human nature. (ii) respect and responsibility as moral values, (iii) the principle of solidarity, (iv) social contract and deontological reasoning and (v) the sustainability social pillar. These findings demonstrate discrepancies and inconsistencies between and also within these Codes, which often paternalistically reject the multi-stakeholder approach that is needed to overcome COVID-19. This litigates for the appropriateness of this new methodology and encourages further longitudinal case studies entailing more jurisdictions and industries.

Nursing ethics in an era of pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, regularly revised since 1896, may not provide guidance in an era of pandemic and sociopolitical unrest. PURPOSE: This study explored whether the Code of Ethics comprehensively address current nursing challenges. METHODS: 23 nurses participated in six Zoom focus groups to discuss whether provisions were applicable to their current practice. An iterative approach was used to review transcripts independently and then merge findings to identify ethical themes. FINDINGS: Provisions 4, 6, and 8 were most relevant. None of the provisions addressed the guilt secondary to isolating patients from support systems and not being "on the front lines" of COVID care. DISCUSSION: The co-occurring crises of COVID-19 and social unrest created an ethical crisis for many nurses. The Code of Ethics provided a useful guide for framing discussion and formulating strategies for change, but did not eliminate distress during a time of novel challenges.

A qualitative examination of graduating nurses' response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Currently, graduating nurses face pandemic-related uncertainty including gaps in risk perception, unexpected Covid-19 moral dilemmas, and distress surrounding personal health risk. RESEARCH QUESTION/AIM/OBJECTIVES/METHOD: The purpose of this basic qualitative descriptive study is to describe the willingness of graduating nurses to provide care during the Covid-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: One week prior to graduation, students were required to submit a written assignment describing willingness to practice in light of the ongoing pandemic. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study was approved by an Institutional Review Board. FINDINGS/RESULTS: Eighty-four (n = 84) assignments were used for analysis. Of these, 82% (n = 69) of the graduating nurses describe a willingness to voluntarily care for Covid-19 patients. After summarizing narrative responses, two themes emerged including self-assessment of personal and familial risk and conflicting obligations. DISCUSSION: The assessment of risk to self and family are key in determining whether graduating nurses will care for Covid-19 patients. Conflicting obligations may contribute to stress and uncertainty potentially leading to early burnout. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study can inform academicians of the need to adequality prepare graduating nurses for Covid-19-associated risks and ethical decision making. Organizations should alter residencies and orientation to support the needs of new nurses.

COVID-19, Fake News, and Vaccines: Should Regulation Be Implemented?

We analysed issues concerning the establishment of compulsory vaccination against COVID-19, as well as the role of misinformation as a disincentive-especially when published by health professionals-and citizen acceptance of measures in this regard. Data from different surveys revealed a high degree of hesitation rather than outright opposition to vaccines. The most frequent complaint related to the COVID-19 vaccination was the fear of side effects. Within the Spanish and European legislative framework, both compulsory vaccination and government regulation of FN (Fake News) appear to be feasible options, counting on sufficient legal support, which could be reinforced by additional amendment. However, following current trends of good governance, policymakers must have public legitimation. Rather than compulsory COVID-19 vaccination, an approach based on education and truthful information, persuading the population of the benefits of a vaccine on a voluntary basis, is recommended. Disagreements between health professionals are positive, but they should be resolved following good practice and the procedures of the code of ethics. Furthermore, citizens do not support the involvement of government authorities in the direct control of news. Collaboration with the media and other organizations should be used instead.

[Between care for others and self-care: intensive care nursing in times of the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Intensivpflege in Zeiten der COVID-19 Pandemie: Zur Frage des Verhältnisses von Fürsorge und Selbstsorge.

DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM: The COVID-19 pandemic poses a considerable challenge to the capacity and functionality of intensive care. This concerns not only resources but, above all, the physical and psychological boundaries of nursing professionals. The question of how care for others and self-care of nurses in intensive care units are related to each other in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has not been addressed in public and scientific discourse so far. ARGUMENTS: The present contribution reflects this relationship with reference to the Code of Ethics of the International Council of Nurses, particularly considering principlism and the Care Ethics according to Joan Tronto. As a result, it shows a corridor of ethically justifiable care with several borders, above all: (1) self-care must not be given up completely for the benefit of care for others, and (2) a categorical subordination of care for others to self-care is ethically not justifiable. CONCLUSION: The article makes an important contribution to a differentiated ethical consideration of the rights and responsibilities of intensive care nurses as moral actors within the pandemic in Germany. It, thus, provides a first starting point for a broad social and political discourse which is urgently needed not only during but also after the pandemic in order to improve the situation of intensive care nurses and those who are cared for.